Cancer research categories since epidemiology, molecular bioscience to the presentation of medical hearings to assess and relate presentations of the different cancer behaviours. These presentations contain surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. Cancer research contains a multiplicity of forms and interdisciplinary ranges of research. Researchers elaborate in cancer investigation may be skilled in spaces such as chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, epidemiology, and biomedical engineering. Research accomplished on an initial level is referred to as basic research and is envisioned to explain scientific ideologies and appliances. Translational research objects to explain appliances of cancer development and development and renovate simple scientific results into ideas that can be appropriate to the behaviour and inhibition of cancer. Clinical research is devoted to the progress of pharmaceuticals, surgical procedures, and medical technologies for the ultimate action of patients.

The science which deals with cancer cells are known as Cancer Biology. The main aim of cancer biology is to understand the sudden change in cells and how it is developed and varied from normal cells to cancer cells. These manners of research in cancer biology have laid a path to prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Tumours are considered by genomic and epigenetic uncertainty that modifies the purposes of various altered particles and systems in a solo cell as well as varying the communications with the native situation. Cancer systems biology attitudes, therefore, are grounded on the custom of computational and precise systems to translate the complication in tumor creation as well as cancer heterogeneity.

The process of wandering cancer cells from one place to another place through blood is known as cancer metastasis. Finally, cancer cells stops in a small blood vessel walls and move to the surrounding tissues. Cancer cells grows in that tissues until a tumor formation takes place.in this process some cancer cells will die at some point. Depends on the type of cancer there are various metastasis sites. This metastasis doesn’t cause symptoms. Treatment for metastatic cancer will leads to long life.

In human body various body organs will be affected to cancer cells. Depends on the organ of the body where cancer exists, various cancers are present. The symptoms, pain and treatment are different from one organ to another. Irrespective of age, it will occur in children too. There are various treatment techniques for cancer, depends on the location of the organ. The abnormal increase in the number of cells in the body and formation of tumor takes place in an organ will lead an organ cancer. There are various types of organ cancers as follows.

It is one of the cancer treatment techniques. In Radiation therapy by the usage of ionizing radiation the cancer cells will be damaged. In this process of radiation therapy some normal cells also effects.  Mostly, normal cells can recover from these effects and work properly. The main aim of radiation therapy is to kill cancer cells as much as possible by damaging their DNA. Meanwhile, in this process some surrounding healthy organs also effects. Radiation therapy does depend on various factors like type of cancer and sensitivity and some other. This radiation therapy can also be used as a part of adjuvant therapy.

Basically, chemotherapy means usage of any variety of drug to cure any disease. But, mostly it says that one type of cancer treatment methods. In chemotherapy large variety of drugs are used for the treatment of cancer. A large number of variety drugs are used in chemotherapy to kill more cancer drugs. These drugs can be transferred through blood cells or directly to specific cancer site. By using surgery and radiation therapy we can damage or remove cancer cells but chemotherapy can work throughout the body. Chemotherapy can be used alone or with other treatments.

Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment which uses drugs and some other substances to find out and affect the specific cancer cells. By focusing on specific genes, proteins or the tissue environment the targeted therapies work. It means focus and act only on that particular molecular which is associated with cancer.  This targeted therapy helps the immune system to destroy cancer cells, stop cancer cells from growing. There are various types in targeted therapies like small molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies.

Immunotherapy it is also known as biologic therapy. It is one of the methods of various cancer treatments. This immunotherapy increases the natural defence system in our body to fight against cancer cells. It works by stopping the flow of cancer cells and it helps in stimulating the immune system to destroy tumours.  There are different types of immunotherapies.

Genes are used to treat illness. Gene therapy works by getting genes into cancer cells, which is a very difficult task. To overcome this difficulty still, research is going on to develop different types of gene therapy to cure cancer. Basically, the gene is carried to cancer cell through a carrier called vectors. Common type of carrier used in gene therapy is viruses so that they can easily enter the cells and deliver genetic material.  Genes play a vital role in cell as; they are only responsible for cell growth, function and divide. The main aim of gene therapy is to replace abnormal or absent genes with healthy one that make cell to produce useful proteins. Finally, it can say that gene therapy is for cell survival.

Cells which are present in tumor and have the capabilities of self-renewing and ability to give rise to many cells are known as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cell model also known as hierarchical model process. Cellular therapies are a part of complimentary treatment regimens.

It is an example of targeted therapy. By using drugs or some other substance target specific molecules which are involved with the growth and spread of cancer.  Drugs which are used in molecular targeted therapy are interfering only with molecular abnormality which drives cancer growth. Through this molecular targeted therapy only cancer cells will damage. It is better to compare with other treatments because only little harms to normal cells which results in side effects.  Molecular targeted therapy is the best way to customize cancer treatment.

It is also known as hormone withdrawal therapy, hormone manipulation or endocrine therapy. Hormonal therapy is using of hormones in medical treatment to stop or remove the cancerous growth cells. Hormones which are used in the treatment process are prepared in laboratories. Basically, natural hormones are produced by glands or organs in the body. There are various types of hormonal therapies.

By using surgery method treating cancer is known as surgical oncology.  This surgery oncology can be used alone or with other treatment methods also. For some patients surgery is the only way to treat cancer. Most of the people surgery is used along with other treatment techniques. Through surgery cancer tumours can be removed. Only few types of cancers can be treated with surgery.

Cancer imaging is a term used to research and diagnose the cancer. It plays an important role in detection. Not only in detection. Imaging is also important in analysing the stage of cancer. Originally cancer imaging is used to detect and stage the disease.  Now, it is used to assist with surgery and radiotherapy. Through this imaging analysis only the treatment methods for cancer should be possible because detection is possible and the stage of the cancer will be known.

The main aim of cancer diagnosis and screening is to detect at early stage and prolong the human life. Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosis. Screening is to find out the tumours at very early stage so that they can be curable. Diagnosis diagnosis technologies are of different from screening technologies. There are various screening tests depends on the organ. Through this cancer diagnosis and cancer screening the quality of human life will increase.

Many examinations have shown that mutually tissue and cell distribution reviews of anticancer drugs can be measured by their entrapment in submicronic colloidal systems (nanoparticles). The rationale behind this approach is to growth antitumor efficacy, while dropping systemic side-effects. This evaluation offers an update of tumor targeting with straight or long-circulating nanoparticles. The in vivo fate of these systems, later intravascular or tumoral administration, is discussed, as well as the tool involved in tumor regression. Nanoparticles are also of benefit for the choosy distribution of oligonucleotides to tumor cells. Besides, converted types of nanoparticles disclosed some fascinating volume to reverse MDR resistance, which is a major problem in chemotherapy. The chief experimentations, targeting to deck nanoparticles with molecular ligand for 'active' targeting of cancerous cells, are also discussed here. The latest part of this evaluation emphasis on the application of nanoparticles in imaging for cancer diagnosis.

It includes an forever-cumulative array of tools at the clearance of clinicians in their behaviour of this illness. Though, cancer is a hard enemy in this clash, and present actions, which classically contain radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, are not frequently sufficient to free the persistent of his or her cancer. Cancer cells can develop unaffected to the behaviours engaged at them, and overwhelming this drug conflict is an significant study effort.

Cancer Bioinformatics is a serious and significant portion of the schemes clinical remedy in cancer and the main tool and methodology to bring available the examinations of cancer in systems clinical medicine. Genome Medicine and Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics to momentous the submission of cancer Bioinformatics for the growth of Bioinformatics systems, system biomarkers and accuracy treatment. The Sequence efforts on fresh advances in cancer Bioinformatics and computational systems biology to discover the possibility of clinical requests and advance the consequences of patients with cancer.

Investigation determinations in sarcoma pharmacology take account of trainings of the simple instruments of indication transduction related with cell multiplying and apoptosis, the contrivances of achievement of anti-neoplastic agents, the scheme and finding of original drugs, simple contrivances of DNA repair and DNA impairment acceptance and the progress of fresh plans for gene therapy. Importance is hired on the account and classification of elementary signing machines that create the marks of molecules used for cancer therapy and DNA damage and renovation apparatuses that pay to anti-neoplastic drug conflict. The rule of tyrosine kinases, treating of proto-oncogenes, parameter of minor GTPases and their effectors, cell-cycle-specific kinases and DNA repair gene products are actuality studied as possible marks or to improve the efficiency of present chemotherapeutic means. The part of growing elements in the movement of solid and hematopoietic tumors is existence studied; innovative receptors and signal transduction paths are being recognized in usual and malicious tissues.

Cancer prevention is better than cancer cure. Cancer prevention is the exercise of enchanting energetic events to drop the occurrence of cancer and death. The repetition of prevention is in need of upon mutually discrete exertions to increase life and strive for protective screening and socioeconomic or community rule linked to cancer prevention. Globalized cancer prevention is observed as a serious independent due to its applicability to great general public, sinking extended tenure things of cancer by sponsoring active health follows and behaviours, and its apparent cost-effectiveness and capability for all socioeconomic classes.